Rare Earth Modified Lead Titanate; Incorporation into A- and/or B-sites in the Perovskite Structure

Abstract

This paper presents a structural and electrical analysis of Pb0.88Ln0.08TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics, which have been prepared by standard ceramic method, where Ln=La,Nd,Sm,Eu and Gd. The structural analysis is presented to evaluate an eventual incorporation of the Ln into A- and/or B-sites in the perovskite structure, which indeed provides a variation of the tetragonality when the ionic radii of the rare earth cation decreases. An eventual incorporation of the rare earth to the B-site promotes an increase of the tetragonality of the system and also the oxygen vacancies concentration increases to compensate for the charge imbalance. Thus, the dc conductivity increases.